The History of Haiti in New Zealand

I

the Kingmaker
Wiremu Tamihana Tarapipipi
first told
the History of Haiti
in New Zealand

in the midst of the sea
lies a ruined land
the Republic of Haiti

yet that country is where
the world became young
once more

there the French Revolution
ate its black children

and Justice
severe virgin
in turn set her hounds
on the French
o Black Diane

a mountain stands
full of forest and streams

where a great man
is buried upright

his back is to France
his face is towards
the United States

his left arm is for
Venezuela
his right arm is for
Cuba

he is the power
of the black people
of the island

he is the second
great revolution
of the Americas

he is the only
successful slave revolt
in history

the head of gold
is Toussaint Louverture

the silver breast
is Jacques Dessalines

the brass abdomen
is Alexandre Petion

his legs and iron ass
are Jean Pierre Boyer
and Faustin Soulouque

the foot of clay
he rests on
is Henri Christophe

the man is ruptured
shoulder to butt
by this massive fissure

which seeps
rivers of death
from all the treasons
and betrayal

there is the river
of massacre and fire

there is the river
of annihilation

there is the buried river
of the promise
that Haiti will keep

the missing river
is oblivion

II

language
is a crossroads
for them

governed by
a crooked man

the woman at grief
in her song

the young brown man
largely quiet

the crowd in tumult
like a breaker

by natural converse
and exchange

their Reo there
isn’t French

which is mostly saved
for writing

how they speak
to their tupuna
and mokopuna alike
is in

the long slow smoke
of creole crackling

lifting
whiter than a cloud
above the bush

not the beachfront
of a pidgin
at a loss upriver

III

smoke
must go up
black

for it
to go up
white

the whole island
can burn
and we will find
our home in it

we too
can beat
the best armies
of Europe

fortify
as well as
Vauban

defend
a fighting pa
like Crete-a-Pierrot

build our
Sans Souci

make the land
work for us

those governors general
emperors presidents
king

have been
misunderstood

sometimes the people
just have to have
their farms

the great plantations
lie in ruins
go back to the bush

like Toussaint
like Dessalines

we can fight
the Pakeha

or make
the Government come
and talk to us

we are all
either labourers
in the same vineyard

or the vine
can go and burn

Tauranga Napier
New Plymouth Whanganui

the Pakeha
can evacuate
those towns

and we will
burn them

just as we did
Kororareka

the Pakeha
are building
their iron man
railway

and setting it
in the ground
in place of
their whenua

we must make
our stars

put them
deathless
in the sky

while we combat
the night
back down
on the land

IV

blessed be
God

blessed be
his Holy Name

blessed be
his angels and saints

blessed be
the Black Madonna
virgin and mother

blessed be
Toussaint
who was l’ouverture

blessed be
the Revolution
his great opening
for human kind

blessed be
Dessalines
the victor
of Vertieres

blessed be
his holy cannon
louder than
hurricane

blessed be
Henri Christophe
for showing
how black men build

blessed be
the Abbe Raynal
for realizing
Liberty is a woman
who is black
or else not at all

blessed be
Dutty Boukman
prophet of the nation

blessed be
Cecile Fatiman
mother of the nation

blessed be
the Libyan Sibyl
who dwells
on Saint-Domingue

blessed be
Marie-Madeleine Lachenais

the wisest woman
in America

blessed be
M. Petion
who bankrolled
Simon Bolivar

blessed be
M. Boyer
who established
public credit

and ratcheted down
the French debt

blessed be
Lysius Salomon
who is paying off
that debt

Hail the Duke of Tabara
God keep President Geffrard
for the example
of his republic

blessed be
the black Pharos
in every corner
of the earth

blessed be
its holy martyrs

its slaves zealous
for freedom
through a nation

God save
Niu Tireni

may there be
the King
and mana motuhake
on the land

Blackwells
Oxford
8 January 2016

This poem requires notes for Maori and Haitian references. I have adapted the Old Man of Crete story in Dante’s Inferno XIV ll. 91 ff.

Te Reo means the Maori language. Tupuna are ancestors, mokopuna are young children, grandchildren. Whenua is the placenta placed in the ground after a child is born. Mana Motuhake is Maori sovereignty. Niu Tireni is New Zealand. We Pakeha are the white people of New Zealand. A pa is a fortress. Kororareka was the first settler town in New Zealand, ransacked and fired during the Northern War.

Wiremu Tamihana Tarapipipi (d. 1865) was the Kingmaker and a founder of the Kiingitanga, the Maori Kingship. He published an article on Haiti in the Kiingitanga newspaper “Te Hokioi” of 2 April 1863. Haiti was discussed at the foundational Kiingitanga conferences or hui.

Dutty Boukman (d. 1791) was the voodoo priest who instigated the slave rebellion of 1791 and prophesied that its leaders would ultimately succeed.

Cecile Fatiman was the mambo at the ceremony where Boukman raised the revolt at Bois Caiman. She later married the 5th President Louis Michel Pierrot ( 1845-46). Was she the mother of Marie Louise Amelie Celine Pierrot who married Pierre Nord Alexis, the 19th President (1902-8)?

Toussaint Breda or Toussaint Louverture was Lieutenant Governor of Saint-Domingue (1787-1801) and Governor General (1801-1802).

Jacques Dessalines was Governor General (1804) and Emperor Jacques I (1804-6).

Henri Christophe was President of the ” State of Haiti” in the North (1807-11) and King Henri I ( 1811-20). He build the World Heritage castle and palace of Sans Souci.

Alexandre Petion was 1st President of the Republic of Haiti (1806-18).

Jean Pierre Boyer was its second President ( 1828-43).

Marie-Madeleine Lachenais was the mistress and political advisor of both Alexandre Petion and of Jean Pierre Boyer. She was arguably the Mme de Stael and the Princess Lieven of the Haitian Republic. She hated Faustin Soulouque.

Faustin Soulouque was 7th President ( 1847-49) and Emperor Faustin I (1849-59).

Fabre Geffrard, the Duke of Tabara under Faustin I, was the 8th President ( 1859-67).

Lysius Salomon was 13th President of Haiti (1879-1888) and Minister of Finance under Faustin Soulouque.